ZONALITERASI.ID – Masker jadi barang yang wajib dipakai di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Namun jenis masker yang dipakai mencegah penularan virus corona ini ada yang dipercaya benar-benar efektif jadi pelindung dari virus yang belum juga ditemukan vaksin penangkalnya itu.
Berdasarkan penelitian di Florida Atlantic University, Amerika Serikat, terhadap berbagai masker, termasuk beragam bahan dan model masker, peneliti menemukan bahwa masker yang dijahit dengan baik dan terbuat dari kain dua lapis terbukti paling efektif menangkal penyebaran virus melalui tetesan dari batuk dan bersin (droplet).
Peneliti membandingkan dengan masker wajah handmade yang biasanya cenderung longgar atau hanya seperti lipatan sapu tangan, penutup wajah serupa bandana, dan masker komersil non-steril berbentuk kerucut yang biasa tersedia di apotek.
Studi yang diterbitkan di jurnal Physics of Fluids ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Peneliti menyiapkan manekin yang disematkan alat menyerupai saluran hidung manusia. Dari sini peneliti melakukan simulasi bersin dan batuk menggunakan pompa manual dan generator asap.
Kemudian, masing-masing jenis masker tadi dipasangkan ke manekin. Setelahnya dilakukan pengecekan dengan laser untuk mengetahui sebaran tetesan dari eksperimen batuk dan bersin si manekin.
Hasilnya, saat manekin tidak dipasang masker, tetesan dari batuk dan bersin bisa terlempar hampir 2,5 meter. Sedangkan dengan bandana tetesan terlempar sejauh 91 centimeter, sapu tangan sejauh hampir 40 centimeter dan masker berbentuk kerucut sejauh 20 centimeter. Namun masker kain dua lapis dengan jahitan yang bagus membuat tetesan hanya terlempar sejauh 6 centimeter (2,5 inch).
“Kami menemukan bahwa meskipun jet turbulen yang tidak terhalang, saat diamati mampu bergerak hingga 12 kaki (sekitar 2,5 meter), sebagian besar tetesan yang terlontar jatuh ke tanah pada titik ini,” jelas Manhar Dhanak, penulis riset di Florida Atlantic University, dikutip dari CNN.
Riset ini bisa membantu para tenaga profesional kesehatan, peneliti medis, dan produsen dalam menilai efektivitas masker. Selain itu, hasil riset juga makin membawa kesadaran untuk selalu mengenakan masker.
“Harapan kami visualisasi yang dipresentasikan di paper membantu menyampaikan alasan rasional di balik rekomendasi social distancing dan penggunaan masker,” tambah Siddharta Verma, penulis riset lainnya. (haf)***
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