ZONALITERASI – Membaca, menulis, dan juga berhitung atau (calistung) memang sesuatu yang sangat penting. Kendati bukan sebuah paksaan, ada baiknya anak sudah bisa calistung sebelum masuk sekolah dasar (SD). Itu bisa mempermudah saat anak belajar di jenjang SD.
Franka Nadiem Makarim, istri Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi (Mendikbud Ristek), Nadiem Makarim, memiliki pandangan soal ini.
“Dibilang harus (bisa calistung sebelum SD) sih tidak, karena sebenarnya pas masuk SD tuh mereka diajarkan. Tapi memang kalau mereka bisa mempelajari calistung, literasi, dan lainnya sebelum sekolah, itu tuh bisa menjadi modal skill yang sangat memperkaya dan mempercepat anak saat belajar di pendidikan dasar,” kata Franka, dikutip dari laman Kemendikbudristek, Kamis, 3 Maret 2022.
Berikut ada beberapa tips mengajarkan calistung kepada anak ala Franka Nadiem Makarim:
1) Buat anak suka membaca dan menulis
Menurut Franka, banyak orang tua yang salah kaprah berbicara soal calistung pada anak. Kebanyakan orang tua berpikir bahwa calistung hanya sekadar bisa membaca, bisa menulis dengan baik, dan harus bisa berhitung. Padahal menurut research internasional, calistung bukan hanya itu saja.
“Calistung itu pemahaman tentang bagaimana kita membangun kecintaan kita terhadap membaca dan literasi.
Lalu, bagaimana sih cara kita mengajarkan anak agar dia dapat menulis, kenapa menulis penting? Menulis itu sebenarnya mengembangkan otak kanan dan kiri bersama-sama,” jelasnya.
2) Terapkan perhitungan matematika di kehidupan sehari-hari
Selanjutnya, buatlah pelajaran berhitung atau matematika, menjadi sesuatu yang menyenangkan bagi anak. Di mana anak bisa menerapkannya pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Misalkan ajak anak mengamati apa saja yang ada di sekitarnya, seperti nomor atau urutan.
Kemudian, bisa juga memperlihatkan barang yang sama namun dengan ukuran yang berbeda, lalu tanya kepada si kecil kenapa ukurannya bisa berbeda. Lalu bisa juga ajak anak diskusi dengan mengatakan, “Kue ini ada lima, ibu makan satu jadi berkurang ya kuenya.”
3) Sering ajak anak ngobrol
Untuk mengajarkan calistung, anak juga harus sering diajak ngobrol dan diskusi. Diskusinya pun bisa masalah ringan seperti bertanya mau makan apa, kenapa mau makan itu, kenapa enggak suka makanan yang lain, dan sebagainya.
“Hal itu bisa dijadikan pembahasan pada anak yang sudah bisa berbicara, sebab ini tahap pertama sebelum mengajarkan anak membaca,” tutur Franka.
Kemudian, jangan pernah berhenti mengajak anak ngobrol, sebab lama kelamaan mereka akan memiliki banyak kosa kata. Jadi, jangan sampai proses ngobrol dengan anak, diganti oleh televisi.
“Walaupun programnya bagus, itu sama sekali beda efeknya di otak mereka dibanding diajak ngobrol terus menerus,” ungkapnya.
4) Ajak diskusi setelah membaca buku
Saat mengajarkan calistung, Anda juga bisa membacakan buku untuk anak, dan buku yang dibaca pun boleh apa saja. Menurut Franka, minimal 15-20 menit sehari, bisa dilakukan kapan saja, baik pagi, siang, atau sebelum tidur di malam hari.
Setelah membacakan buku untuk anak, sebaiknya ajak si kecil berdiskusi soal isi buku yang sudah dibaca. Jangan sampai anak hanya sekadar mendengarkan saja, namun anak harus mampu menyerap informasi dari buku dan juga berpikiran kritis.
5) Biarkan anak membaca sendiri
Saat anak mencoba membaca sendiri, mereka mencoba untuk menghafalkan bagaimana bentuk-bentuk huruf. Anda juga bisa membimbingnya dan beritahu si kecil soal huruf yang ada di buku, misalkan beritahu bahwa A bukan hurufnya saja yang A, tapi bunyinya juga “A”. Lalu ada huruf N, beri tahu juga cara pelafalannya. Kemudian beri tahu anak bahwa huruf A digabung dengan huruf N, jadi dibaca AN.
6) Jangan paksa anak belajar
Walaupun Anda ingin anak segera mahir calistung, tetapi menurut Franka, jangan pernah memaksa anak untuk belajar. Sesuaikan saja dengan keinginannya. Jadi orang tua harus tetap mengikuti keinginan anak, bila dipaksakan, anak justru jadi malas dan tidak mau lagi belajar.
Seperti menulis, biarkan anak mengerti dulu dengan bentuk-bentuk huruf, sampai anak paham bahwa ternyata gambar ini bentuknya A yang bunyinya “A”. Tapi kembali lagi, lihat kesiapan anak, apakah ia sudah siap untuk belajar atau belum.
“Ini tuh bener-bener personal, ini proses sendiri, ritmenya jangan dipaksa, kasihan anaknya,” pungkas Franka. (haf)***
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