ZONALITERASI.ID – Peneliti di Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) IPB University, Mohamad Rafi, mengatakan, tidak semua tanaman obat aman untuk dikonsumsi. Dibutuhkan penanganan dan tindakan dalam memanfaatkan senyawa-senyawa kimia yang terdapat pada tanaman-tanaman tersebut.
Dikatakan Rafi, pada tumbuhan, terdapat komponen kimia yang berperan penting dalam menghasilkan reaksi biologi sebagai suatu komposisi yang aktif. Komposisi tersebut kompleks dengan variasi konsentrasi dan belum diketahui total senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya.
“Meskipun merupakan komoditas yang sama menjadi pendorong dibutuhkannya standarisasi bahan baku,” ujar dosen Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) IPB University tersebut.
Indonesia sebagai negara dengan iklim tropis memiliki keunggulan kekayaan biodiversitas tanaman herbal yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat. Namun, tidak semua tanaman obat aman dikonsumsi.
Menurutnya, ada sederetan problem yang saat ini dihadapi dalam standardisasi obat. Mulai dari bahan baku, pemalsuan bahan kimia obat atau tumbuhan lainnya yang mirip, kesalahpahaman bahwa obat herbal pasti aman, serta produk dengan kualitas rendah.
Masalah lainnya dalam standardisasi obat adalah tidak diketahuinya tingkat toksisitas atau racun, interaksi dengan obat herbal atau kimia lainnya, penggunaan obat herbal untuk hasil indikasi yang berbeda, dosis yang tidak tepat, serta berpeluangnya menggunakan tumbuhan obat yang salah.
“Singkatnya, standarisasi atau kendali mutu tumbuhan obat dan produknya sangat diperlukan,” ujar Rafi.
Ia menjelaskan metode kendali mutu tanaman obat yaitu dengan menggunakan metode fingerprint analysis, profilling analysis, dan targeted analysis. Yang paling sering digunakan adalah targeted analysis.
Rafi mengatakan standardisasi menjadi bagian penting dalam menghasilkan obat herbal yang konsisten khasiat, kualitas, dan keamanannya. Konsep dalam standarisasi obat herbal Indonesia perlu dikembangkan menyesuaikan karakteristik yang ada di Indonesia.
“Perlu bagi stakeholder memikirkan bagaimana menstandarkan agar khasiat dan keamanannya terjamin dengan baik,” kata dia. (des)***
Sumber: Antara
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