ZONALITERASI.ID – Pemerintah Belanda mengembalikan sebanyak 472 benda budaya Indonesia. Pengembalian 472 benda budaya ini berlangsung di Museum Nasional Etnologi di Leiden, Belanda, Senin, 10 Juli 2023.
Pada kesempatan itu hadir Direktur Jenderal (Dirjen) Kebudayaan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi Indonesia (Kemendikbudristek), Hilmar Farid dan Sekretaris Negara untuk Urusan Kebudayaan dan Media Belanda, Gunay Uslu.
Kedua perwakilan negara itu juga menandatangani dokumen hukum yang meresmikan pengembalian benda budaya ke Indonesia, seperti patung Singasari, pusaka Lombok, keris dari Klungkung, dan koleksi Pita Maha.
Dalam pernyataan yang diunggah di Instagram, Selasa, 11 Juli 2023, Gunay Uslu menyebut langkah pemerintah Belanda untuk mengembalikan 472 benda budaya Indonesia sebagai sebuah momen yang bersejarah.
“Kami tidak hanya mengembalikan benda budaya, kami juga memulai periode kerja sama yang lebih erat dengan Indonesia di berbagai bidang seperti penelitian koleksi, presentasi, dan pertukaran antar museum,” kata Gunay.
Dirjen Kebudayaan Kemendikbudristek, Hilmar Farid, menuturkan, pengembalian benda sejarah tersebut mencerminkan babak baru dalam kerja sama budaya antara Indonesia dan Belanda sekaligus menjadi langkah penting untuk membangun masa depan baru bersama.
“Indonesia, dalam hal ini Kemendikbudristek, akan melakukan konservasi dan pemanfaatan terbaik untuk benda-benda budaya ini,” kata Hilmar dalam keterangannya, Selasa, 11 Juli 2023.
Benda Bersejarah Kembali ke RI: Harta Jarahan 1894 sampai Arca
472 Benda bersejarah yang dikembalikan Belanda ke Indonesia terdiri dari empat jenis koleksi. Keempatnya yaitu Keris Puputan Klungkung dari Kerajaan Klungkung, Bali; 4 arca era Kerajaan Singasari, 132 benda seni koleksi Pita Maha Bali, dan 335 harta karun jarahan dari serangan bernama ‘Ekspedisi Lombok’ 1894.
Arca Singasari
Empat arca era Kerajaan Singasari merupakan primadona dari abad ke-13 Masehi. Keempat arca dari Candi Singasari itu selama ini tersimpan di Museum Volkenkunde, Leiden, Belanda.
Candi Singasari sendiri didirikan untuk menghormati gugurnya Raja Kertanegara, dinasti terakhir Kerajaan Singasari. Empat arca yang dikembalikan Belanda tersebut adalah Durga, Mahakala, Nandishvara, dan Ganesha.
Karya Seni Pita Maha Bali
132 benda seni koleksi Pita Maha Bali yang dikembalikan Pemerintah Belanda ke Indonesia antara lain lukisan, ukiran kayu, benda-benda perak, dan tekstil karya maestro seni dari kelompok Pita Maha. Paguyuban seniman Bali ini resmi didirikan sejak 29 Januari 1936 oleh Tjokorda Gde Agung Sukawati, I Gusti Nyoman Lempad, Walter Spies, dan Rudolf Bonet.
Harta Jarahan dari Lombok hingga Keris
335 harta jarahan pasukan Belanda dari Puri Cakranegara, Lombok pada 1894 ikut dikembalikan tahun ini. Termasuk di antaranya yaitu perhiasan emas dan perak. Berdasarkan catatan Kemendikbudristek, harta karun Lombok ini sebelumnya tersimpan di Tropenmuseum.
Keris Puputan Klungkung juga menjadi salah satu objek yang dikembalikan. Keris ini sebelumnya juga menjadi koleksi Museum Volkenkunde, Leiden.
Mengungkap Pengetahuan Sejarah
Hilmar mengungkapkan, repatriasi atau pemulangan benda bersejarah Indonesia bukan sekadar memindahkan barang dari Belanda ke Indonesia. Dia menjelaskan, repatiasi penting untuk mengungkap pengetahuan sejarah dan asal-usul benda-benda seni bersejarah yang selama ini belum diketahui masyarakat.
“Jauh sebelum benda-benda tersebut kembali ke Indonesia, kedua komite repatriasi dari Indonesia dan Belanda bekerja sama melakukan serangkaian pertemuan dan diskusi, untuk membahas makna dari benda-benda tersebut bagi kedua bangsa, baik di masa lalu maupun di masa kini,” terangnya.
“Proyek repatriasi benda bersejarah ini adalah momentum penting untuk menumbuhkan saling pemahaman dan kesetaraan di antara kedua bangsa,” sambung Hilmar.
Dia menilai kerja sama kedua negara dalam bidang repatriasi ini berkembang ke arah yang positif. Salah satunya lewat pengembangan program kerja museum dan penelitian yang melibatkan para ahli dari RI maupun Belanda. Di samping itu, ada juga kerja sama pengembangan program beasiswa bagi para sarjana yang meneliti di bidang repatriasi benda kolonial.
Ketua Tim Repatriasi koleksi asal Indonesia di Belanda dipimpin oleh I Gusti Agung Wesaka Puja. Adapun Komite Repatriasi Benda Kolonial Belanda dipimpin oleh Lian Gongalvez-Ho Kang You.
I Gusti Agung Wesaka Puja mengatakan, pihaknya sudah memulai upaya repatriasi benda bersejarah Indonesia dari Belanda sejak 2 tahun lalu.
“Kami terus menjalin komunikasi positif dan produktif guna melanjutkan kerja sama dan mendorong ikhtiar pengembalian benda-benda bersejarah dari Belanda ke Indonesia,” tutur I Gusti Agung Wesaka Puja.. (des)***
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