“Yang utama sebenarnya bukan membaca, melainkan mengerti makna sebuah buku, kemudian didayagunakan untuk satu langkah karsa dan karya nyata produktif dan konstruktif.”
(Jaya Suprana — Sebuah kontemplasi, 2007— dalam Gempa Literasi, 2012)
KESADARAN tentang pentingnya penumbuhan budaya membaca dan menulis (literasi) telah ditunjukkan pemerintah dengan mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Permendikbud) No. 23/2015 yang mengamanatkan penumbuhan budi pekerti, salah satunya melalui bentuk program Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS). Gerakan ini menjadikan seluruh sivitas akademik sekolah sebagai warga pembelajar yang literat sepanjang hayat di kandung badan. Terwujudnya gerakan ini tidak saja karena pelibatan warga sekolah namun melalui pula pelibatan partisipasi publik. Gerakan ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan yaitu pembiasaan membaca 15 menit setiap hari, dan tahapan selanjutnya yaitu tahapan pengembangan dan pembelajaran setelah tahapan pembiasaan tercapai (Panduan GLS melalui WJLRC, 2016).
Mengapa literasi ini menjadi penting? Literasi pada hakikatnya terkait perkembangan peradaban manusia. Semakin maju literasi dikembangkan oleh suatu bangsa, maka peradaban bangsa tersebut akan semakin maju pula. Bagi umat muslim, literasi telah dimulai sejak turunnya wahyu pertama kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, yaitu surat Al Alaq ayat 1-5. Dalam surat tersebut jelas disebutkan perintah membaca. Mengapa perintah pertama yang diturunkan kepada umat bukanlah tentang shalat, zakat, atau haji? Dan mengapa perintah pertama yang diturunkan adalah membaca? Mengapa membaca begitu penting sehingga menjadi ayat pertama yang diturunkan? Hal ini menjadi pertanda akan pentingnya membaca untuk mencapai kemajuan peradaban manusia. Sejarah telah membuktikan bahwa peradaban manusia di era tersebut cukup maju, sehingga memberikan sumbangsih besar bagi perkembangan dunia ilmu pengetahuan saat ini.
Sekolah sebagai suatu tempat persemaian bibit awal generasi peradaban manusia, dan guru hendaknya menjadi lokomotif penting bagi gerakan literasi sekolah. Bagaimana mungkin program GLS ini terwujud kepada siswa, jika gurunya tidak suka membaca? Apalagi para guru yang mayoritas saat ini berpendidikan sarjana dan tidak sedikit yang pascasarjana, maka hal itu seharusnya menjadi modal dasar untuk memiliki semangat yang lebih tinggi dalam membaca dibandingkan elemen lain di sekolah. Program pembiasaan membaca 15 Menit setiap hari di sekolah tidak akan berjalan, apabila guru tidak menjadi teladan dengan hadir dan membaca di kelas. Jika guru hanya memerintah anak untuk membaca sementara anak tidak melihat dari keteladanan dan konsistensi para guru, maka hanya akan sia-sia belaka. Menunjukkan keteladanan melalui contoh perilaku kongkret akan seribu kali lebih efektif dari hanya sekadar omongan.
Apakah keuntungan dari membiasakan anak untuk membaca? Banyak keuntungan yang akan didapatkan yaitu: Pertama, dengan membiasakan peserta didik membaca, maka sebenarnya kita telah menanamkan semangat kepada peserta didik untuk belajar tanpa henti. Jika anak terbiasa membaca, maka akan timbul kesadaran mencari ilmu pengetahuan, haus akan informasi, serta tumbuh semangat mencari tahu melalui proses belajar tanpa henti. Kedua, anak sebagai peserta didik akan memiliki kepercayaan diri karena bertambahnya wawasan pengetahuannya. Ketiga, daya imajinasi dan kreasi anak akan meningkat. Melalui membaca berbagai buku fiksi, anak akan tumbuh imajinasinya dan hal ini akan berpengaruh terhadap kreativitasnya kelak. Ide-ide kreatif akan bermunculan di benak peserta didik yang diperolehnya dari berbagai bahan bacaan yang dibacanya. Keempat, anak akan lebih memiliki sikap tenang. Coba saja lihat pelaksanaan GLS di kelas yang didampingi oleh guru. Akan tercipta suasana kelas yang hening di saat anak membaca senyap. Hal ini bagus sekali untuk mengendalikan emosi dan imajinasi anak. Namun perlu pula diperhatikan oleh guru selaku pendidik yaitu bahan bacaan yang akan dibaca peserta didik sebaiknya divalidasi terlebih dahulu agar sesuai dengan tingkat perkembangan psikologisnya.
Gerakan literasi ini tidak akan berjalan dengan baik tanpa kesadaran seluruh pihak untuk melakukan perubahan demi kemajuan anak bangsa di masa depan. Memang keberhasilan program ini tidak dapat dilihat dengan cepat melalui proses yang instan. Membutuhkan satu atau dua dekade untuk melihat keberhasilan nyata dari program ini. Melalui komitmen dan ketekunan dalam menjalankan gerakan ini secara terus menerus, maka peradaban bangsa yang maju (advance society) akan tercipta melalui tumbuhnya masyarakat yang membaca (reading society). Oleh karena itu semua pihak di sekolah perlu bergandengan tangan bersama-sama. Tidak bisa hanya mengandalkan peran kepala sekolah saja atau guru tertentu saja, namun perlu kerjasama semua pihak di sekolah.
Keteladanan dari para guru adalah kuncinya. Apabila guru sudah sadar akan arti pentingnya belajar tanpa henti melalui proses membaca, maka “virus” membaca ini akan tertular kepada semua peserta didik. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan guru yang baik agar tercipta perilaku dan kebiasaan anak didik yang baik. Guru yang baik akan tercipta melalui kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang baik. Bila guru enggan memulai gerakan ini dari dirinya sendiri, maka gerakan ini hanya sekadar basa-basi, dan akan layu sebelum berkembang.
Menumbuhkan budaya membaca bukan tanggung jawab saya, dan Anda. Tetapi ini adalah tanggung jawab kita bersama. Dan mewujudkan gerakan membaca di sekolah dapat dimulai dari guru dan kepala sekolah. Mulailah dari hal yang kecil dan sederhana yaitu mulai dari diri sendiri, dan mulai sekarang. ***
Catur Nurrochman Oktavian, Guru SMP Negeri 1 Kemang Jawa Barat; Wakil Bendahara PB PGRI; Wakil Ketua Dewan Eksekutif APKS PB PGRI.
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