ZONALITERASI.ID – Jejak-jejak kaki manusia dan hewan purba berusia 120.000 tahun ditemukan di Gurun Nefud, Arab Saudi bagian utara. Jejak kaki itu membuka tabir migrasi manusia purba dari Afrika.
Berdasarkan penelitian tahun 2017 dan dipublikasikan di jurnal Science, rekonstruksi detail jejak kaki itu, menyimpulkan, sekitar 120.000 tahun lalu, sekelompok kecil manusia purba, Homo sapiens beristirahat untuk minum dan mencari makan di danau dangkal. Lokasi itu juga sering dikunjungi oleh hewan-hewan seperti unta, kerbau, dan gajah.
Namun tak hanya soal gambaran kehidupan nenek moyang kita saja. Seperti dikutip dari Science Alert, Rabu, 9 Februari 2022, jejak kaki tersebut turut memberikan petunjuk baru mengenai rute yang diambil nenek moyang saat bermigrasi dari Afrika.
Saat ini, semenanjung Arab identik dengan gurun yang luas, serta gersang yang tak ramah bagi kehidupan. Tetapi penelitian selama beberapa dekade terakhir menunjukkan hal yang berbeda. Dahulu, saat berada dalam periode interglasial terakhir, wilayah tersebut memiliki kondisi yang jauh lebih hijau dan lembab.
“Pada waktu-waktu tertentu di masa lalu, gurun yang mendominasi semenanjung Arab merupakan padang rumput yang luas dengan danau dan sungai air tawar permanen,” ungkap Richard Clark-Wilson dari Royal Holloway.
Mathew Stewart dari Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jerman mengatakan jejak kaki itu ditemukan selama penelitian PhD pada tahun 2017 setelah erosi sedimen, di atasnya terdapat sebuah danau kuno yang dijuluki ‘Alathar’ yang berarti jejak dalam bahasa Arab.
Lebih lanjut dari hasil analisis, peneliti menyebut jika total ada 7 jejak kaki yang teridentifikasi sebagai manusia modern. Manusia-manusia purba tersebut mengunjungi danau untuk mencari sumber air dan mencari makan dengan cara berburu. Salah satunya adalah gajah yang telah punah di wilayah Levant merupakan buruan yang menarik.
Selain jejak kaki, ada sekitar 233 fosil hewan yang juga ditemukan, baik karnivora maupun herbivora. Kehadiran hewan besar seperti gajah dan kuda nil, serta padang rumput terbuka dan sumber daya air yang besar menjadikan Arabia utara menjadi tempat yang menarik bagi manusia purba.
“Rute-rute pedalaman yang mengikuti danau dan sungai mungkin sangat penting bagi manusia yang menyebar keluar dari Afrika,” jelas Stewart, penulis utama studi ini. (haf)***
Sumber: Kompas.com
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