BEBERAPA waktu lalu, pada media sosial sempat terjadi diskursus tentang merdeka belajar yang digulirkan oleh Mendikbudristek. Di antara diskursus tersebut sempat ada lontaran yang memaknai merdeka belajar sebagai kebebasan tanpa batas, tanpa koridor yang mengaturnya. Merdeka belajar dimaknai sebagai keterbebasan dari belenggu aturan/norma yang diterapkan oleh pihak lain, terutama pemerintah. Pemahaman tersebut sah-sah saja dalam ranah diskursus, tetapi merdeka belajar dalam konteks yang disampaikan oleh Mendikbudristek, tentu tidak mengarah pada pemaknaan demikian.
Dengan kewenangan yang dimilikinya, Nadiem Makarim sebagai Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi menggulirkan konsep merdeka belajar dalam tata kelola pendidikan di negeri ini. Konsep ini mengarah pada kebijakan strategis yang harus dirancang dan diterapkan oleh setiap sekolah sebagai lembaga paling hilir dalam penerapan kebijakan pendidikan.
Pada awalnya tidak kurang dari empat konsep yang digulirkan oleh gerbong merdeka belajar. Pertama, mengembalikan kewenangan ujian/penilaian pada sekolah dan guru. Kedua, menghentikan pelaksanaan Ujian Nasional dan menggantinya dengan Asesmen Nasional yang formulasi pelaksanaan berbeda sekali. Ke tiga, menyederhanakan RPP agar lebih berfokus pada pembelajaran dan penilaian siswa secara holistik. Keempat, menerapkan sistem zonasi pada pelaksanaan PPDB, sehingga lebih luwes dan berkeadilan.
Ke empat konsep yang digulirkan tersebut secara kasat mata memperlihatkan pembukaan kran otoritas kewenangan terhadap sekolah. Karena itu, langkah yang harus diberikan oleh sekolah dalam kaitan dengan kebijakan ini adalah menyiapkan seluruh warga sekolah untuk mampu merespons dengan baik. Langkah strategis yang harus dilakukan adalah menyiapkan diri untuk mampu menerjemahkan merdeka belajar dengan komprehensif dalam tataran implementasi. Dengan demikian, tidak terjadi malmanajemen pengelolaan sekolah yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakpahaman dan ketidakmampuan merespons serta menyikapi kebijakan merdeka belajar.
Merdeka belajar tidak dapat dimaknai sebagai kebebasan atau keleluasaan tanpa batas yang bisa diambil oleh setiap penentu kebijakan, baik pengawas, kepala sekolah, guru, maupun stakeholder sekolah lainnya. Dalam implementasinya, masih terdapat pakem-pakem atau koridor yang harus diikuti oleh seluruh stakeholder sekolah saat membuat keputusan terkait dengan manajemen pengembangan sekolah, maupun manajemen pembelajaran. Sekalipun demikian, dalam konsep ini seluruh pelaksana kebijakan pendidikan harus terbebas dari rasa takut akan hukuman saat menjalankan amanat yang sesuai dengan norma, aturan, atau koridor yang berlaku.
Melalui pengguliran merdeka belajar, setiap stakeholder sekolah dituntut agar memiliki kemampuan guna mengatur dirinya dengan leluasa saat harus menafsirkan dan menjalankannya. Melalui penerapan konsep merdeka belajar, dimungkinkan setiap stakeholder sekolah dapat bekerja sama satu sama lainnya dalam mengelola dirinya (self-organized). Karena itu, merdeka belajar lebih mengarah pada upaya pentingnya menjadi diri sendiri sehingga menjadi pemicu bertumbuh dan berkembangnya sekolah.
Dengan implementasi merdeka belajar, seluruh stakeholder sekolah mendapat ruang dan waktu dengan lebih luas sehingga dapat berkreasi dan berinovasi. Lahirnya kebebasan/keleluasaan tersebut dimungkinkan akan dapat mendorong akselerasi peningkatan kualitas sekolah. Dengan kata lain, penerapan konsep merdeka belajar merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk memperkuat implementasi manajemen berbasis sekolah (MBS) yang telah lama digulirkan Kemdikbud.
Karena itulah, seluruh stakeholder sekolah harus dapat memanfaatkan moment ini untuk dapat mengimplementasikan berbagai kreasi dan inovasi dalam upaya memajukan sekolah. ***
Dadang A. Sapardan, Camat Cikalongwetan Kabupaten Bandung Barat.
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